What is meant by the term 'hardscape' in landscaping?

The term 'hardscape' in landscaping refers specifically to the non-plant elements that are integrated into the landscape design. This includes features like paths, walls, patios, sidewalks, and other structural elements that provide functionality and aesthetic appeal without being living plants. Hardscape elements are essential for defining spaces, guiding movement through the landscape, and contributing to the overall design by providing contrast to softer, living components such as flowers, trees, and shrubs.

By contrast, the other options focus on aspects that either involve living plants, such as the maintenance of plant beds or the features meant solely for decoration, which do not encompass the structural elements that 'hardscape' represents. Understanding that hardscape plays a critical role in landscaping helps in creating a balanced and functional garden or outdoor area.